Name ______________________Per___
AP:
CHAPTER 23: THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS
1. T/F Individuals evolve.__________________________________
2. T/F Natural selection acts on individuals.
3. What two random processes generate genetic variation in a
population? ___________________________________ _________________________________________
4. What is the ultimate source of variation in a
population?___________________
5. Population genetics
puts a mathematical approach to the study of microevolution. Define
each of the terms
commonly used in population genetics.
- population:
_____________________________________________________________
- species:
_____________________________________________________________
- gene pool:
______________________________________________________________
6. In a Flower population of 500 plants, 480 are red (R) plants -genotype RR = 320 and Rr = 160, 20 are white (r) plants -genotype rr.
What are the allele frequencies
(proportions) for flower color in this gene pool?
Frequency
of R (p)= ________________________________________________________
Frequency
of r (q)= _________________________________________________________
7. In a population of 200 mice, 98 are homozygous dominant
for brown coat color (BB), 84 are heterozygous (Bb), and 18 are homozygous
recessive (bb).
a. The
allele frequencies of the population are
_________B allele ______b allele
b. The
genotype frequencies of this population are ______BB ______Bb _____Bb
8. Describe the causes of microevolution
a. GENETIC DRIFT
Bottleneck
Founder
Effect
b.Mutations
c.Gene Flow
d.Nonrandom mating
e.Natural Selection
9. Why is the Hardy–Weinberg model used?
_____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. What conditions must be met by a population to insure
stability (no evolution).
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
11. Define the following:
a. p =
___________________________________________________________________
b. q = ___________________________________________________________________
c. p + q = ___
d. p2 =
___________________________________________________________________
e. 2pq =
__________________________________________________________________
f. q2 = ___________________________________________________________________
g. Hardy-Weinberg equation:
12. How can you calculate whether a population is or is not
evolving?
13. Work out these practice problems. Find both the gene and
genotype frequencies:
a. Estimate the
percentage of the human population that carries the allele for the recessively
inherited disorder PKU. 1/10,000 babies
in US is born with PKU
b. In Drosophilia,
the allele for normal length wings is dominant over the allele for vestigial
wings. In a population of 1,000 individuals, 160 show the recessive phenotype.
c. The allele for the
hair pattern called "widow's peak" is dominant over the allele for no
"widow's peak." In a population of 1,000 individuals, 360 show the
dominant phenotype.
14. How does diploidy preserve variation?
__________________________________________________________________________
15. What is “balanced polymorphism?”
__________________________________________________________________________
16. How can parasites contribute to balanced polymorphism?
____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
17. In a biological sense, what is fitness? ____________________________________________
18.
Label the graphs (at left) of variation in color with the type of selection
illustrated.
19. What is the effect of sexual selection?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
20. For each of the following, give an example or describe what is
meant by the statement.
a. Natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms:
_____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
b. Evolution is limited by historical constraints:
___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
c. Adaptations are often compromises:
_________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
d. Not all evolution is adaptive:
_______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
e. Selection can only edit existing variations:
____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________